Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 167 Download : 171

Main Article Content

Abstract

Russia's military attack on the legal territory of Ukraine is considered to be a serious threat to the national interests of the countries on the European continent. Prior to the military attack which Russia calls a “Special Military Operation” starting on February 24, 2022, various efforts to resolve the conflict have been taken by Europe, the United Nations, and other international relations actors. Britain is one of the countries that is actively pursuing diplomacy to stop Russia's actions, which the West calls an illegal invasion. In carrying out its foreign policy, the UK practices Coercive Diplomacy, namely diplomacy with pressure on Russia. This was marked by an ultimatum accompanied by economic, political and military sanctions against Russia. This study uses a qualitative research method based on secondary data from various credible sources and the conceptual theory put forward by Alexander L. George (1971) as the first initiator of the Concept of Coercive Diplomacy. Therefore, this research raises the research question How does Britain apply British Coercive Diplomacy towards Russia as a Conflict Resolution effort?” and will be answered using the characteristics given by Alexander L. George in the concept of Limited Power in Coercive Diplomacy.

Keywords

Coercive Diplomacy Boris Johnson British Russian Invasion of Ukraine

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Suhayatmi, & Saragih , H. M. (2023). British Coercive Diplomacy Under Prime Minister Boris Johnson to Russia as an Effort to Resolve the Russia-Ukraine Conflict. Ilomata International Journal of Social Science, 4(4), 648-662. https://doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v4i4.924

References

  1. Alexander L. George, David K. Hall, David Kent Hall, W. E. S. (1971). The Limits of Coercive Diplomacy: Laos, Cuba, Vietnam. Little, Brown and Company.
  2. Art, R. J., & Cronin, P. M. (Eds. ). (2003). United States and Coercive Diplomacy. US Institute of Peace Press.
  3. Astuti, A. T. (2015). Coercive diplomacy and factors affecting the output. Universitas Indonesia Library.
  4. Bakrie, C. R., Delanova, M. O., & Mochamad Yani, Y. (2022). The Influence of the Russian and Ukrainian Wars on the Economies of Southeast Asian Countries. Caraka Prabu Journal, 6(1), 65–86. https://doi.org/10.36859/jcp.v6i1.1019
  5. Boris Johnson On His Official X. (2022, September). Boris Johnson Thank you my friend President @ZelenskyyUa for your kind words. Twitter. https://twitter.com/borisjohnson/status/1566140307078529024?lang=th
  6. Bramastya, R. B., & Batan, R. R. (2022). Economic Diplomacy Approach in the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict. Journal of Sosial Politik Integratif, 2(3), 184–191.
  7. Costas M. Constantinou, Pauline Kerr, P. S. (2016). Environmental Diplomacy. In Metaphors for Change. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957930
  8. Feaver, P., & Lorber, E. (2012). Coercive Diplomacy and the New Financial Levers: Evaluating the Intended and Unintended Consequences of Financial Sanctions. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–68. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1661963
  9. Foreign Commonwealth & Development Office. (2022). UK sanctions following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
  10. GOV.UK. (2022a). Ambassador Barbara Woodward gave a statement at the UN Security Council meeting on Ukraine. In GOV.UK.
  11. GOV.UK. (2022b). PM statement on the situation in Ukraine: 22 February 2022. In Gov.Uk.
  12. Guruh Edi Purwanto. (2015). How Russia Defends Itself from US and EU Coercive Diplomacy.
  13. Hidriyah, S. (2022). A Brief Study of Actual and Strategic Issues in the Escalation of Russian-Ukrainian Tensions. A Short Study of Actual and Strategic Issues, XIV, 7–8.
  14. Izzuddin, A., Indrakorniawan, R., & Stiarso, H. A. (2022). Analysis of Efforts to Resolve the Russia - Ukraine Conflict in 2022. Pena Wimaya Journal, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.31315/jpw.v2i2.7226
  15. Jakobsen, P. V. (2020). Coercive Diplomacy as Crisis Management. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
  16. Levy, J. S. (2008). Deterrence and coercive diplomacy: The contributions of Alexander George. Political Psychology, 29(4), 537–552. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00648.x
  17. Massaguni, M., Nasir Badu, M., & Sallatu, M. A. (2022). The Effect of European Union Sanctions on Russia Over the Ukraine Crisis. Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs, 2(1), 2775–3336.
  18. Mbah, R. E., & Wasum, D. (2022). Russian-Ukraine 2022 War: A Review of the Economic Impact of Russian-Ukraine Crisis on the USA, UK, Canada, and Europe. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 9(3), 144–153. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.93.12005
  19. Nye, J. S. (2008). Public diplomacy and soft power. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 94–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311699
  20. OHCHR. (2023). Ukraine: civilian casualty update 15 May 2023. In Ohchr.Org.
  21. Perez, A. M. (2015). Coercive Diplomacy in the 21st Century: A New Framework for the “Carrot and Stick.” 457.
  22. Rahim, M. H. (2019). Post-JCPOA: United States Coercive Diplomacy Vis À-Vis Iran. Icmes, 3(1), 30.
  23. Reichberg, G. M., & Syse, H. (2018). Threats and Coercive Diplomacy: An Ethical Analysis. Ethics and International Affairs, 32(2), 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679418000138
  24. Reuters. (2022, February). UK’s Truss to meet Russia’s Lavrov in Moscow. Reuters.
  25. Rosyidin, M., & Fitrah, E. (2016). Sanksi Ekonomi dalam Tinjauan Politik dan Diplomasi Internasional. In Indonesian Perspective. Pustaka Ilmu Group. https://doi.org/10.14710/ip.v5i1.30197
  26. Roy, S. L. (1991). Diplomacy (Mirsawati. Herwanto, Ed.). Rajawali Press.
  27. Sauer, T. (2007). Coercive diplomacy by the EU: The Iranian nuclear weapons crisis. Third World Quarterly, 28(3), 613–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590701200620
  28. Schettino, I. (2009). Is Coercive Diplomacy a Viable Means to Achieve Political Objectives? E-International Relations, 1–7.
  29. Subakti, H., Chamidah, D., Siregar, R. S., Saputro, A. N. C., Recard, M., Nurtanto, M., ... & Sitopu, J. W. (2021). Educational Research Methodology (September, Issue September). We Write Foundation.
  30. Syuryansyah, S., & Berthanila, R. (2022). Efforts to Resolve the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict. PIR Journal: Power in International Relations, 7(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.22303/pir.7.1.2022.96-104
  31. Tiara, D. T., & Mas’udi, S. Y. F. (2023). Indonesian Diplomacy in the Russia - Ukraine Conflict: A Study of Soft-Power. Journal of Political Issues, 4(2), 74–88. https://doi.org/10.33019/jpi.v4i2.95
  32. Umar, H., & Indrayani, I. (2020). State Political Behavior: (Foreign and Domestic Policy, Diplomacy and Cooperation, International Political Dynamics). Journal of Social Sciences, 1(2), 102–116.
  33. Yusupov, A. (2022). What did Western sanctions on Russia achieve? FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY.