Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of organizational justice, grit, and leader-member exchange on employee engagement. This research is quantitative research using survey questionnaire prepared on a five-point Likert scale. Proportionate stratified random sampling was used to select the state civil servants from the head office of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (MOECRT) that was located in Senayan, Jakarta. A total of 340 questionnaires were distributed and 243 valid responses collected. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modelling with the help of SmartPLS 4 software. It was found that organizational justice, grit, and leader-member exchange had a positive and significant impact on employee engagement. MOECRT shall focus on the practice of organizational justice in building high quality leader-member exchange and developing grit trait within the employee as they have positive impact on employee engagement.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands‐Resources model: state of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
- Barrick, M. R., Thurgood, G. R., Smith, T. A., & Courtright, S. H. (2013). Collective Organizational Engagement: Linking Motivational Antecedents, Strategic Implementation, and Firm Performance. In Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
- Casimir, G., Ngee Keith Ng, Y., Yuan Wang, K., & Ooi, G. (2014). The relationships amongst leader-member exchange, perceived organizational support, affective commitment, and in-role performance: A social-exchange perspective. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(5), 366–385.
- Chaurasia, S., & Shukla, A. (2014). Psychological Capital, LMX, Employee Engagement & Work Role Performance. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(2), 342–356. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24549128
- Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386–400. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.386
- Cresswell, J. W., & Cresswell J. D. (2009). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods.
- Cropanzano, R., Bowen, D. E., & Gilliland, S. W. (2007). The Management of Organizational Justice. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(4), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2007.27895338
- Deepa, S. M. (2020). The effects of organizational justice dimensions on facets of job engagement. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 23(4), 315–336. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-05-2019-0066
- Dienesch, R. M., & Liden, R. C. (1986). Leader-Member Exchange Model of Leadership: A Critique and Further Development. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 618–634. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1986.4306242
- Duckworth, A. (2016). Grit : the power of passion and perseverance.
- Dugan, R., Hochstein, B., Rouziou, M., & Britton, B. (2019). Gritting their teeth to close the sale: the positive effect of salesperson grit on job satisfaction and performance. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 39(1), 81–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2018.1489726
- Els, C., Viljoen, J., Beer, L. de, & Brand-Labuschagne, L. (2016). The mediating effect of leader-member exchange between strengths use and work engagement. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 26(1), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2016.1149278
- Gallup. (2023). State of the global workplace. Https://Www.Gallup.Com/Workplace/349484/State-of-the-Global-Workplace.Aspx.
- Hair, J. F., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2019). Essentials of Business Research Methods; Fourth Edition.
- Hassan, A., Hizam, I., & Al Jubari, A. (2010). Organisational justice and employee work engagement: LMX as mediator. In J. International Business and Entrepreneurship Development (Vol. 5, Issue 2).
- Hassan, A., & Noor, K. M. (2013). ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND EXTRA-ROLE BEHAVIOR: EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP IN THE MALAYSIAN CULTURAL CONTEXT. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 16(2). https://journals.iium.edu.my/enmjournal/index.php/enmj/article/view/150
- Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J.-P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of Resources in the Organizational Context: The Reality of Resources and Their Consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
- Homans, G. C. (1961). The Humanities and the Social Sciences. American Behavioral Scientist, 4(8), 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/000276426100400802
- Jordan, S. L., Ferris, G. R., Hochwarter, W. A., & Wright, T. A. (2019). Toward a Work Motivation Conceptualization of Grit in Organizations. Group & Organization Management, 44(2), 320–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601119834093
- Karlen, Y., Suter, F., Hirt, C., & Maag Merki, K. (2019). The role of implicit theories in students’ grit, achievement goals, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and achievement in the context of a long-term challenging task. Learning and Individual Differences, 74, 101757. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2019.101757
- Loong Leow, K., & Wei Khong, K. (2009). Organizational Commitment: The Study of Organizational Justice and Leader Member Exchange (LMX) Among Auditors in Malaysia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251414146
- Lucas, G. M., Gratch, J., Cheng, L., & Marsella, S. (2015). When the going gets tough: Grit predicts costly perseverance. Journal of Research in Personality, 59, 15–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2015.08.004
- Luethke. T. N., Brachle. B., McElravy. L.J., & Matkin. G. S. (2020). LMX n Grit The effects of abusive supervisor. 17(5), 69–83.
- Luthans, K. W., Luthans, B. C., & Chaffin, T. D. (2018). Refining Grit in Academic Performance: The Mediational Role of Psychological Capital. Journal of Management Education, 43(1), 35–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562918804282
- Meriac, J. P., Slifka, J. S., & LaBat, L. R. (2015). Work ethic and grit: An examination of empirical redundancy. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 401–405. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.009
- Molm, L. D., Takahashi, N., & Peterson, G. (2000). Risk and Trust in Social Exchange: An Experimental Test of a Classical Proposition. American Journal of Sociology, 105(5), 1396–1427. https://doi.org/10.1086/210434
- Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), 845–855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.845
- Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(3), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228938
- Rusdi, M., Purwaningrum, E. K., & Ramadhan, Y. A. (2023). effect of grit on the work engagement of the millennial generation. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 11(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v11i1.18367
- Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
- Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
- Schimschal, S. E., & Lomas, T. (2018). Gritty Leaders: The Impact of Grit on Positive Leadership Capacity. Psychological Reports, 122(4), 1449–1470. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118785547
- Singh, J., Singh, M. J., Vandana, D., & Chopra, G. (2016). Relationship among workplace spiritually, work engagement and grit. Attitude towards Homosexuality View project Relationship among Workplace Spirituality, Work Engagement and Grit. 18, 21–27. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1811032127
- Suzuki, Y., Tamesue, D., Asahi, K., & Ishikawa, Y. (2015). Grit and Work Engagement: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLOS ONE, 10(9), e0137501-. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137501
- Tang, X., Wang, M.-T., Guo, J., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2019). Building Grit: The Longitudinal Pathways between Mindset, Commitment, Grit, and Academic Outcomes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(5), 850–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-00998-0
- Vogel, R. M., Rodell, J. B., & Lynch, J. W. (2015). Engaged and Productive Misfits: How Job Crafting and Leisure Activity Mitigate the Negative Effects of Value Incongruence. Academy of Management Journal, 59(5), 1561–1584. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0850
- Von Culin, K. R., Tsukayama, E., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). Unpacking grit: Motivational correlates of perseverance and passion for long-term goals. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(4), 306–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.898320
- YUSRIANI, S., Patiro, S., & Utomo, K. (2024, February). The Role of Social Norms in Shaping Normative Beliefs and Forming Subjective Norms for Predicting Fitness Mania Intention to Consume Amino 2000 Supplements in Indonesia: A Mixed Method Approach. In 14th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, https://doi.org/10.46254/AN14.20240404.
- Zinta. S. Byrne. (2022). Understanding Employee Engagement: Theory, Research, and Practice (2nd ed.). Routledge.