Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities in Employment Opportunities in Private Companies: A Case Study of Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v3i1.413Keywords:
Accessibility, persons with disabilities, employment opportunities, public policiesAbstract
The absorption of workers with disabilities in Indonesia is still limited. The companies argue that it is difficult to meet accessibility for disabled workers because it requires a lot of funds, for instance facilities that need to be made so that the workplace accessible for people with disabilities. This research is aimed at answering the questions of how the accessibility of persons with disabilities in employment opportunities in private companies in Indonesia, what obstacles encountered by persons with disabilities who work in private companies, and how the solutions are provided so that persons with disabilities have easy access to work in private companies. This is a qualitative research with a case study approach. The data collection in this study used semi-structured interviews with 20 people with disabilities consists of 10 people with disabilities who were rejected by companies and 10 people with disabilities who had been accepted to work but finally decided to quit. In this study, a public policy expert was also interviewed to obtain data on how policies related to persons with disabilities were implemented. The results of this study indicate that there are still many people with disabilities who are rejected to work by the companies. If anyone is already working, eventually they have to resign considering the unequal treatment they have received, both from the leaders and fellow employees. However, until now there has never been a company that got a sanction even though the regulations regarding the treatment of persons with disabilities have been affirmed in Law Number 8/2016. Therefore, stricter supervision is needed for private companies so that they not only fulfill the quota of 1% of employees with disabilities out of the total number of employees, but also pay attention and treat employees with disabilities the same as other employees.
References
Agustina, R., & Mahfudz. (2020). Peran Manajemen Keragaman Budaya dalam Kinerja Organisasi Non Profit Berbasis Aliansi (Studi Kasus Pada Jakarta Centre For Law Enforcement Cooperation). Diponegoro Journal of Economics, 9(1), 25–42. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jme/article/view/31488/25638
Amrullah, R., Ismail, T., & Uzliawati, L. (2018). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Intellectual Capital dan Keragaman Pengukuran Kinerja Terhadap Kinerja Organisasi (Study Empiris Perusahaan Manufaktur di Provinsi Banten). Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Universitas Sultan Agung Tirtayasa, 3(2), 221–240. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.48181/jratirtayasa.v3i2.5499
Angeloni, S. (2013). Integrated Disability Management. SAGE Open, 3(4), 215824401351030. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013510303
Asih, I. D. (2014). Fenomenologi Husserl: Sebuah Cara “Kembali Ke Fenomena". Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v9i2.164
Bam, A., & Ronnie, L. (2020). Inclusion at the Workplace: An Exploratory Study of People with Disabilities in South Africa. International Journal of Disability Management, 15, e6. https://doi.org/10.1017/idm.2020.5
Beatty, J. E., Baldridge, D. C., Boehm, S. A., Kulkarni, M., & Colella, A. J. (2019). On the treatment of persons with disabilities in organizations: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management, 58(2), 119–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21940
Bonnell, K., Michalovic, E., Koch, J., Pagé, V., Ramsay, J., Gainforth, H. L., Lamontagne, M.-E., & Sweet, S. N. (2021). Physical activity for individuals living with a physical disability in Quebec: Issues and opportunities of access. Disability and Health Journal, 14(3), 101089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101089
Bourke, J. A., Nichols-Dunsmuir, A., Begg, A., Dong, H., & Schluter, P. J. (2021). Measuring disability: An agreement study between two disability measures. Disability and Health Journal, 14(2), 100995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100995
Budiati, I., Riyadi, Larasaty, P., Pratiwi, A. I., Saputri, V. G., Meilaningsih, T., Kurniasih, A., Hastuti, A., Anam, C., & Hartini, S. (2020). Indikator Kesejahteraan Rakyat 2020 (W. P. Adi & I. Budiati (eds.); 1st ed.). BPS-Statistic Indonesia. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/11/30/5d97da0e92542a75d3cace48/indikator-kesejahteraan-rakyat-2020.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Disability and Health Overview. Disability and Health Promotion. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/disability.html#:~:text=According to the World Health Organization%2C disability has three dimensions%3A&text=Impairment in a person’s body,%2C walking%2C or problem solving.
Cho, M., & Kim, K. M. (2021). Exploring the disparity in tangible outcomes of internet use between persons with disabilities and persons without disabilities in South Korea. Disability and Health Journal, 14(3), 101101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101101
Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed (S. Z. Qudsy (ed.); 3rd ed.). Pustaka Pelajar. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=1213690
Eisenberg, Y., Vanderbom, K. A., Harris, K., Herman, C., Hefelfinger, J., & Rauworth, A. (2021). Evaluation of the Reaching People with Disabilities through Healthy Communities Project. Disability and Health Journal, 14(3), 101061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101061
Gerak Inklusi. (2021). UU 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas. Gerakinklusi.Id. https://www.gerakinklusi.id/politik/uu-8-2016-penyandang-disabilitas
Havercamp, S. M., Barnhart, W. R., Robinson, A. C., & Whalen Smith, C. N. (2021). What should we teach about disability? National consensus on disability competencies for health care education. Disability and Health Journal, 14(2), 100989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100989
International Labour Organization. (2013). Code of practice on managing disability in the workplace (1st ed.). International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/disability-and-work/WCMS_475650/lang--en/index.htm
Jackson, H., Young, N. A. E., & Taylor, D. (2021). Beyond question wording: How survey design and administration shape estimates of disability. Disability and Health Journal, 14(4), 101115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101115
Jamali, H. R. (2018). Does research using qualitative methods (grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenology) have more impact? Library & Information Science Research, 40(3–4), 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2018.09.002
Larocca, V., Fraser-Thomas, J., & Bassett-Gunter, R. (2020). “Even if someone has a physical disability, they can still participate”: Youth with physical disabilities’ motivational physical activity message preferences. Disability and Health Journal, 13(1), 100845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.100845
Lloyd, P. A., Briggs, E. V., Kane, N., Jeyarajah, A. R., & Shepherd, J. H. (2014). Women’s experiences after a radical vaginal trachelectomy for early stage cervical cancer. A descriptive phenomenological study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 18(4), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2014.03.014
Mitchell, D., Byron, E. T., Cross, J. B., Oleka, O. J., Van Eps, S. N., Clark, P. L., & Sajko, N. S. (2020). Going in thinking process, coming out transformed: Reflections and recommendations from a qualitative research course. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1), 100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100031
Nuraviva, L., Harsasto, P., & Alfirdaus, L. K. (2018). Aksesibilitas Penyandang Disabilitas Terhadap Pelayanan Publik di Kota Surakarta. Journal of Politic and Government Studies, 7(1), 1–10. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpgs/article/view/19073
Nursyamsi, F., Arifianti, E. D., Aziz, M. F., Bilqish, P., & Marutama, A. (2015). Kerangka Hukum Disabilitas Di Indonesia: Menuju Indonesia Ramah Disabilitas (1st ed.). Pusat Studi Hukum dan Kebijakan Indonesia (PSHK). https://www.pshk.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Kerangka-Hukum-Disabilitas-di-Indonesia.pdf
Ordway, A., Garbaccio, C., Richardson, M., Matrone, K., & Johnson, K. L. (2021). Health care access and the Americans with Disabilities Act: A mixed methods study. Disability and Health Journal, 14(1), 100967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100967
Paikah, N. (2017). Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penyandang Disabilitas Dalam Perlindungan dan Pemenuhan Hak Penyandang Disabilitas Di Kabupaten Bone. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Dan Pendidikan EKSPOSE, 16(1), 335–348. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/ekspose.v16i1.91
Pertiwi, P., Llewellyn, G., & Villeneuve, M. (2020). Disability representation in Indonesian disaster risk reduction regulatory frameworks. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 45, 101454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101454
Pramesty, T. (2020). Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penyandang Disabilitas Perspektif Hukum Islam [Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung]. http://repository.radenintan.ac.id/11941/1/BAB II.pdf
Putra, P. S. (2019). Aksesibilitas Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Tenaga Kerja Penyandang Disabilitas di Kabupaten Karawang. Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 31(2), 205. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.44200
Putra, R. E. (2020). Implementasi Undang Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 Tentang Hak Politik Penyandang Disabilitas Dalam Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah [Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung]. http://repository.radenintan.ac.id/10164/1/PUSAT 1 2.pdf
Saputra, R. (2021). Pengaruh Keragaman Budaya Karyawan dan Komunikasi Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT Indosurya Sukses. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi PROLOGIA Universitas Tarumanegara, 5(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/pr.v2i1.2399
Stillman, M. D., Ankam, N., Mallow, M., Capron, M., & Williams, S. (2021). A survey of internal and family medicine residents: Assessment of disability-specific education and knowledge. Disability and Health Journal, 14(2), 101011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101011
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D (I). Alfabeta. https://cvalfabeta.com/product/metode-penelitian-kuantitatif-kualitatif-dan-rd-mpkk/
Susanto, E., & Sudiro. (2018). Studi Kajian Tingkat Aksesibilitas Pada Fasilitas Publik Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas (Berkebutuhan Khusus) di Kota Surakarta. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat SAINSTECH, 5(1), 19–32. http://sainstech.poltekindonusa.ac.id/index.php/view/article/view/10
Triutari, I. (2014). Persepsi Mahasiswa Penyandang Disabilitas Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Segregasi Dan Pendidikan Inklusi. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Khusus UNP Padang, 3(3), 221–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/jupe38470.64
Wahyuni, D. (2019). Peluang dan Tantangan Penyandang Disabilitas di Dunia Kerja. Jurnal Kesejahteraan Sosial Pusat Penelitian DPR-RI, 11(23), 13–18. https://berkas.dpr.go.id/puslit/files/info_singkat/Info Singkat-XI-23-I-P3DI-Desember-2019-218.pdf
Wardani, F. C., Kismartini, & Rostyaningsih, D. (2015). Evaluasi Ketersediaan Fasilitas dan Aksesibilitas Bagi Penyandang Cacat pada Gedung BPJS Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Journal Of Public Policy And Management Review, 4(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v4i3.8865
Wattimena, R. A. A. (2020). Fenomenologi Edmund Husserl. Rumah Filsafat. https://rumahfilsafat.com/2009/08/19/fenomenologi-edmund-husserl/
Widyawati, Y., Scholte, R. H. ., Kleemans, T., & Otten, R. (2021). Positive parenting and its mediating role in the relationship between parental resilience and quality of life in children with developmental disabilities in Java Island, Indonesia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 112, 103911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103911
World Health Organization. (2015). WHO Global Disability Action Plan 2014-2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-global-disability-action-plan-2014-2021
Ziakas, V., & Boukas, N. (2013). Extracting meanings of event tourist experiences: A phenomenological exploration of Limassol carnival. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2(2), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2013.02.002
