Enhancing Experience-Based Cultural Walking Tours through the 4E Framework: A Case Study of Glodok (Chinatown), Jakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61194/ijss.v6i3.1810Keywords:
Experential Tourism, Walking Tour, 4E Experience Framework, GlodokAbstract
This study investigates how the Glodok Walking Tour can be optimized using the 4E Experience Framework—Entertainment, Education, Esthetics, Escapism—to enhance tourist involvement in cultural preservation. Although Jakarta is rich in heritage, tourism strategies often emphasize its modern image, resulting in the underutilization of areas like Glodok. As one of Southeast Asia’s oldest Chinatowns, Glodok offers cultural, and culinary attractions that align with contemporary tourists’ preferences for immersive experiences. While walking tours provide a sustainable platform for cultural engagement, existing designs often lack comprehensive experiential quality. This study seeks to address how the Glodok Walking Tour can be enhanced through the 4E framework to strengthen tourist involvement in heritage preservation. A qualitative case study was conducted, combining interviews with a tour guide and four tourists and participatory observation during the Glodok Walking Tour by Jakarta Good Guide. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s model, involving data reduction, thematic coding based on the 4E framework, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation ensured validity. Results Findings revealed gaps across all dimensions: weak interpretive techniques and lack of hands-on activities (Entertainment); information overload and limited contemporary relevance (Education); poor environmental conditions and insufficient engagement with landmarks (Esthetics); and restricted immersion due to noise and lack of local engagement (Escapism).
Optimizing the Glodok Walking Tour through improved storytelling, multisensory learning, enhanced environmental quality, and direct engagement with local stakeholders can transform it into a more meaningful experience. These enhancements foster deeper emotional connections and contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage.
References
Aerila, J. A., Rönkkö, M. L., & Stenius, T. (2023). Humor as a source for collaborative storytelling: Perspectives on dynamic and static stories. Humor. https://doi.org/10.1515/humor-2023-0047
Annisa Husnul Latifah, & Hapsari Setyowardhani. (2021). Factors Influencing the Intensity of Using Digital Social Networks among Indonesian Millennial Tourists. International Journal of Business and Society. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3317.2020
Badan Pusat Statistik DKI Jakarta. (2024). Perkembangan Pariwisata Provinsi DKI Jakarta Desember 2023.
Bai, W., Wang, J., Wong, J. W. C., Han, X., & Guo, Y. (2024). The soundscape and tourism experience in rural destinations: an empirical investigation from Shawan Ancient Town. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications Volume, 11, 492. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02997-4
Barasch, A., Diehl, K., Silverman, J., & Zauberman, G. (2017). Photographic Memory: The Effects of Volitional Photo Taking on Memory for Visual and Auditory Aspects of an Experience. Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617694868
Björk, P., & Kauppinen-Räisänen, H. (2016). Exploring the multi-dimensionality of travellers’ culinary-gastronomic experiences. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.868412
Chan, C.-S., Shek, K. F., Lu, Y., & Wong, S. Y. (2025). Narratives come alive: enhancing cultural heritage experiences through sensorial narrative-based guiding tours. Journal of Heritage Tourism. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2025.2478837
Cho, K. wook. (2022). A Review of Memorable Experiences and Their Implications for Tourism Experiences in Management and Marketing Science. Mondes Du Tourisme. https://doi.org/10.4000/tourisme.5053
Cousin, S., Djament-Tran, G., Gravari-Barbas, M., & Jacquot, S. (2015). Contre la métropole créative ... tout contre. Les politiques patrimoniales et touristiques de Plaine Commune, Seine-Saint-Denis. Métropoles. https://doi.org/10.4000/metropoles.5171
Douglas, A., Hoogendoorn, G., & Richards, G. (2024). Activities as the critical link between motivation and destination choice in cultural tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-09-2022-0442
Erwantoro, H. (2014). ETNIS BETAWI: KAJIAN HISTORIS. Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah Dan Budaya. https://doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v6i2.179
Everett, S., & Aitchison, C. (2008). The role of food tourism in sustaining regional identity: A case study of Cornwall, South West England. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost696.0
Gurning, L. R. M. br, Rahmanita, M., Ingkadijaya, R., & Habibie, F. H. (2024). PREFERENCE AND PARTICIPATION GENERATION Z IN URBAN TOURISM EXPERIENCE. International Journal of Economy, Education, and Entrepreneurship, 4(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53067/ije3.v4i3
Huang, X., Li, X., & Yao, J. (2023). Investigating the Role of Visual Storytelling in Enhancing Audience Engagement in Digital Journalism. MEDAAD Peninsula Publishing, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.70470/MEDAAD/2023/002
Jiang, Z., Jiang, X., Jin, Y., & Tan, L. (2024). A study on participatory experiences in cultural and tourism commercial spaces. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24632
Kasemsarn, K., & Nickpour, F. (2023). Digital Storytelling in Cultural and Heritage Tourism: A Review of Social Media Integration and Youth Engagement Frameworks. Heritage, 8(6), 200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8060200
Latifah, A. H., Shielline, P., & Erwen, I. V. (2024). Investigating Push and Pull Factors Shaping the Travel Motivations of Young Indonesian Tourists to Vietnam: A Quantitative Approach. Ilomata International Journal of Social Science, 5(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61194/ijss.v5i4.1381
Liow, M. L. S. (2022). Research Framework: Tourist Walkability and Sustainable Tourism Impact on Residents. ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism. https://doi.org/10.5614/ajht.2022.20.1.06
Liu, A., Wang, X. L., Liu, F., Yao, C., & Deng, Z. (2018). Soundscape and its influence on tourist satisfaction. Service Industries Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2017.1382479
Mayer, R. (2020). Multimedia Learning. In Multimedia Learning. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316941355
McNaughton, M. J. (2012). Implementing Education for Sustainable Development in schools: Learning from teachers’ reflections. Environmental Education Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.665850
Musthofa, B. M., & Arif, M. (2020). THE STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT JAKARTA WALKING TOUR. Journal of Indonesia Tourism and Policy Studies, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/jitps.v5i1.170
Nahak, H. M. I. (2019). UPAYA MELESTARIKAN BUDAYA INDONESIA DI ERA GLOBALISASI. Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara. https://doi.org/10.33369/jsn.5.1.65-76
Nanlohy, A. B., Martono, E. F. E., Billah, N. B., Syafitri, R., & Subandi, M. R. (2024). Motivasi Pemandu Wisata terkait Pay As You Wish Walking Tours di Bandung Good Guide. Journal of Event, Travel and Tour Management, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.34013/jett.v4i2.1785
Nasution, D. Z., Fitriana, R., & Siahaan, O. (2019). The Impact of Jakarta Good Guide Service Quality Towards the Satisfaction of Jakarta Walking Tour Tourists. CATEA 2019.
Ningrum, D. P. (2024). Jogja Walking Tour Sebagai Alternatif Berwisata Kaum Muda (Analisis Interaksi Sosial Berdasarkan Perspektif Herbert Blumer). SCRIPTURA, 14(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9744/scriptura.14.1.14-24
Ouwehand, K., Lespiau, F., Tricot, A., & Paas, F. (2025). Cognitive Load Theory: Emerging Trends and Innovations. Education Sciences, 15(4), 458. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040458
Pine, J., & Gilmore, J. (2011). The Experience Economy, Updated Edition. In Harvard Business Review Press.
Richards, G. (2014). Creativity and tourism in the city. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.783794
Richards, G. (2017). Tourists in their own city - considering the growth of a phenomenon. Tourism Today.
Robinson, O. J., Vytal, K., Cornwell, B. R., & Grillon, C. (2013). The impact of anxiety upon cognition: perspectives from human threat of shock studies. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00203
Sava, D. (2022). The Creative Tourism – An Interactive Type of Cultural Tourism. Ovidius University Annals. Economic Sciences Series. https://doi.org/10.61801/ouaess.2021.2.67
Sugiyono, Prof. DR. (2019). Buku sugiyono, metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif. In Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada.
Sweller, J. (2010). Element interactivity and intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. In Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5
Sweller, J. (2012). Implications of Cognitive Load Theory for Multimedia Learning. In The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511816819.003
Tang, X., Gong, Y., Chen, C., Wang, S., & Chen, P. (2022). Understanding Why Tourists Who Share Travel Photos Online Give More Positive Tourism Product Evaluation: Evidence From Chinese Tourists. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838176
Timothy, D. J., & Boyd, S. W. (2006). Heritage tourism in the 21st century: Valued traditions and new perspectives. Journal of Heritage Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/17438730608668462
Timothy, D. J., & Frost, W. (2014). Tourism and Trails: Cultural, Ecological and Management Issues. In Tourism and Trails: Cultural, Ecological and Management Issues. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2015.1105500
Tu, H. W., Guo, W. F., Xiao, X. N., & Yan, M. (2020). The Relationship between Tour Guide Humor and Tourists’ Behavior Intention: A Cross-Level Analysis. Journal of Travel Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519883033
Tussyadiah, I. P., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2009). Mediating Tourist Experiences. Access to Places via Shared Videos. Annals of Tourism Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.10.001
UNWTO. (2019). Walking Tourism – Promoting Regional Development, Executive Summary. In Walking Tourism – Promoting Regional Development, Executive Summary. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420520
Utami, D. P., & Anza, M. R. (2017). Analysis of Urban Heritage Management in the Heritage Area of Jakarta Old-City. https://doi.org/10.2991/icaspgs-icbap-17.2017.40
Vasilaki, E., & Mavrogianni, A. (2025). Extending Cognitive Load Theory: The CLAM Framework for Biometric, Adaptive, and Ethical Learning. Psychology International, 7(2), 40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint7020040
Zhou, M., & Wang, X. (2024). An Analysis of the Relationship Linking Immersive Tourism Experiencescape and Emotional Experience to Tourists’ Behavioral Intentions. Sustainability, 16(17), 7598. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177598
