Caregivers Role in Fostering Independence of Children with Special Needs at Bhakti Luhur Dormitory
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61194/ijss.v6i1.1559Keywords:
Caregiver, Independence, Children with Special Needs, Emotional Support, Structured TrainingAbstract
This article explores the role of caregivers in fostering independence among children with special needs at Bhakti Luhur Putra Dormitory. The study focuses on parenting strategies that enhance self-care abilities, which are crucial for improving these children's quality of life and social integration. Despite existing studies on caregiving for children with disabilities, limited attention has been given to institutional settings where personalized care and empowerment-based approaches are applied. This study uses a qualitative research methodology, utilizing interviews, observations, and document analysis to collect data from eleven Bhakti Luhur Putra Dormitory caregivers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and document analysis involving eleven caregivers with significant experience. The findings highlight that emotional support, structured training, and personalized care are vital strategies for promoting independence. These approaches foster children's confidence, encourage self-reliance, and help them integrate into broader social environments. This research provides practical insights for improving caregiving practices in institutional contexts. It contributes to the literature by offering a focused understanding of how specific caregiving strategies impact the autonomy of children with special needs. Recommendations include integrating emotional intelligence and structured independence training into caregiver development programs for better developmental outcomes. The study also highlights the importance of adapting care strategies to meet the unique needs of each child, ensuring long-term benefits for their personal growth and social participation.References
Asa, G. A., Fauk, N. K., Mwanri, L., & Ward, P. R. (2021). Understanding Barriers to the Access to Healthcare and Rehabilitation Services: A Qualitative Study with Mothers or Female Caregivers of Children with a Disability in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11546. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111546
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: a rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Cristiani, A. E., Dewi, N. N. A. I., Adhi, N. K. J., & Rosalina, T. (2021). Dinamika Kelelahan Emosi Orang Tua Yang Memiliki ABK Tunagrahita di SLB Kota Denpasar. Jurnal Psikologi Mandala, 5(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.36002/jpm.v5i1.1629
Darmawati, I., & Indriawati, R. (2021). Peningkatan Kemandirian Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Panti Asuhan BinasiwiI, Bantul. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Program Pengabdian Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.18196/ppm.39.112
Gardiner, E., Mâsse, L. C., & Iarocci, G. (2019). A psychometric study of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale among families of children with autism spectrum disorder. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1117-x
Goa, L. (2020). Peran Pengasuh Dalam Pelayanan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Wisma Dewandaru Kota Malang. SAPA - Jurnal Kateketik Dan Pastoral, 5(1), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.53544/sapa.v5i1.124
Goddard, M. J. (2017). B. F. Skinner’s Science and Human Behavior : Some Further Consequences. Review of General Psychology, 21(3), 276–280. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000117
Herman, D., & Ramdhani, M. R. (2022). Meningkatkan Kemandirian Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Melalui Program Home Visit. Educivilia: Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat, 3(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.30997/ejpm.v3i1.5289
Holmes, H. M., & Mortenson, W. Ben. (2024). What makes life better or worse: Quality of life according to people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 37(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13280
Honan, I., Sharp, N., McIntyre, S., Smithers‐Sheedy, H., Balde, I., Quinn, K., Morgan, M., Rothery, S., Butchers, T., & Laugeson, E. A. (2023). Program evaluation of an adapted PEERS ® social skills program in young adults with autism spectrum disorder and/or mild intellectual impairment and social skills difficulties. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 29(1), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13743
Izquierdo, C., & Anguera, M. T. (2021). The Analysis of Interpersonal Communication in Sport From Mixed Methods Strategy: The Integration of Qualitative-Quantitative Elements Using Systematic Observation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637304
Kinnunen, A. M., & Holopainen, L. (2023). A Journey of Discovery: Modelling Participation to Enhance Multifunctional Collaboration among Children with Disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 25(1), 256–268. https://doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.976
Lai, J., Luo, O. D., Klag, M., & Shikako-Thomas, K. (2021). Caregiver perceptions of care of a medical-dental community clinic for adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: Implementing a program evaluation. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 46(4), 306–318. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2020.1865684
Lubis, R., Syafitri, N., Maylinda, R. N., Alyani, N. N., Anda, R., Zulfiyanti, N., & Surbakti, O. Z. (2023). Pendekatan Behavioristik untuk Anak Disabilitas Intelektual Sedang. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(2), 1626–1638. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i2.4161
Luhur, Y. B. (2024). Sebuah Sejarah Perjuangan Kemanusiaan. Yayasan Bhakti Luhur. https://bhaktiluhur.or.id/sebuah-sejarah-perjuangan-kemanusiaan/
Meral, B. F., Wehmeyer, M. L., Palmer, S. B., Ruh, A. B., & Yilmaz, E. (2023). Parenting Styles and Practices in Enhancing Self-Determination of Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 128(4), 282–301. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-128.4.282
Miller, K. L. (2016). The Use of Evaluation in Treatment Programs for Children with Autism. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 10(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-016-0130-3
Nankervis, K., Ashman, A., Weekes, A., & Carroll, M. (2020). Interactions of Residents Who Have Intellectual Disability and Challenging Behaviours. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 67(1), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1678742
Nawang Palupi, D., Rachmawati, R., & Octarina Anggraini, Z. (2017). Peran Perawat Dalam Meningkatkan Kebersihan Gigi Dan Mulut Anak Tunagrahita. E-Prodenta Journal of Dentistry, 1(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.eprodenta.2017.001.01.5
Nik Ahmad, M. T. (2015). Rediscovering Rogers’s Self Theory and Personality. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 4(3).
Putri, A. K., Rusmawati, D., & Dewi, E. K. (2023). Hubungan antara Regulasi Emosi dengan Stres Pengasuhan pada Ibu dengan Anak Disabilitas Intelektual di Kabupaten Blora. Jurnal EMPATI, 12(3), 246–250. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2023.39363
Rahmi, I. (2021). The role of perceived social support on students with special needs social skills. JPK (Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus), 17(1), 1–10. https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/39860/Iftita Rahmi
Salsabila, U. H. (2018). Teori Ekologi Bronfenbrenner Sebagai Sebuah Pendekatan dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam. Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Pendidikan Islam, 7(1), 139–158.
Savari, K., Naseri, M., & Savari, Y. (2023). Evaluating the Role of Perceived Stress, Social Support, and Resilience in Predicting the Quality of Life among the Parents of Disabled Children. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 70(5), 644–658. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2021.1901862
Supanji, T. H. (2023). Pemerintah Penuhi Hak Penyandang Disabilitas di Indonesia. Kemenko PMK. https://www.kemenkopmk.go.id/pemerintah-penuhi-hak-penyandang-disabilitas-di-indonesia
Szlamka, Z., Hanlon, C., Tekola, B., Pacione, L., Salomone, E., Servili, C., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2022). Exploring contextual adaptations in caregiver interventions for families raising children with developmental disabilities. PLOS ONE, 17(9), e0272077. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272077
Thalen, M., van Oorsouw, W. M., Volkers, K. M., & Embregts, P. J. (2023). Support needs of older people with intellectual disabilities: An exploratory study among psychologists in the Netherlands. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 27(1), 266–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295211062399
Vanderkerken, L., Heyvaert, M., Onghena, P., & Maes, B. (2019). The Relation Between Family Quality of Life and the Family‐Centered Approach in Families With Children With an Intellectual Disability. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 16(4), 296–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12317
Vaucher, C., Cudré-Mauroux, A., & Piérart, G. (2020). Environmental, Personal, and Relational Barriers and Facilitators to Self-Determination among Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 22(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.624
Vicente, E., Mumbardó-Adam, C., Guillén, V. M., Coma-Roselló, T., Bravo-Álvarez, M.-Á., & Sánchez, S. (2020). Self-Determination in People with Intellectual Disability: The Mediating Role of Opportunities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176201
Wahyuningsih, S., & Umaeroh, S. (2021). Penanaman Karakter Kemandirian pada Anak Disabilitas Grahita melalui Pembelajaran Tematik di SDLB Kaliwungu Kudus. Lectura : Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 166–179. https://doi.org/10.31849/lectura.v12i2.6323
Westrop, S. C., Maenhout, L., Melville, C. A., & McGarty, A. M. (2024). Understanding capabilities, opportunities and motivations to engage in physical activity for adults with intellectual disabilities: A qualitative evidence synthesis. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 37(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13258
